Research
| Title： | Deficiency of dietary niacin impaired intestinal mucosal immune function via regulating intestinal NF-kappa B, Nrf2 and MLCK signaling pathways in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
|---|---|
| First author： | Feng, Lin; Li, Shun-Quan; Jiang, Wei-Dan; Liu, Yang; Jiang, Jun; Wu, Pei; Zhao, Juan; Kuang, Sheng-Yao; Tang, Ling; Tang, Wu-Neng; Zhang, Yong-An; Zhou, Xiao-Qiu |
| Journal： | FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY |
| Years： | 2016 |
| DOI： | 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.015 |
| Abstract： | This study investigated the effects of dietary niacin on intestinal mucosal immune and physical barrier, and relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in the intestine of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 young grass carp (255.63 +/- 0.41 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of niacin (3.95, 14.92, 24.98, 35.03, 44.97 and 55.01 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks. Results observed that niacin deficiency decreased lysozyme (LA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, and complement 3 (C3) content in the intestine (P < 0.05), down -regulated mRNA levels of liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), hepcidin, interleukin 10, transforming growth factor beta 1 and inhibitor of kappa B alpha (I kappa B alpha) (P < 0.05), up-regulated tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interferon gamma 2, interleukin 8, nuclear factor kappa B P65 (NF-kappa B P65), IKB kinase alpha (IKK alpha), I kappa B kinase gamma (IKK gamma) and I kappa B kinase gamma (IK gamma) in all intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05). In addition, niacin deficiency increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents, decreased glutathione content, and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the intestine of young grass carp (P < 0.05). Additionally, niacin deficiency decreased mRNA levels of CuZnSOD, MnSOD, GPx, CAT, GST, GR, Claudin b, Claudin 3, Claudin c, Occludin, ZO-1, Claudin 15 and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (P < 0.05), and increased Claudin 12, Kelch-like ECH-associating protein la (Keap1a), myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA expression levels in the intestine of young grass carp (P < 0.05), while the mRNA level of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1b (Keap1b) did not change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, niacin deficiency decreased intestinal mucosal immune and intestinal physical function, as well as regulated mRNA levels of NF-kappa B P65, I kappa B alpha, IKK alpha, IKK beta, IKK gamma, Nrf2, Keap1a, p38 MAPK and MLCK in the intestine of young grass carp. Based on the broken-line model analysis of intestinal lysozyme activity, the requirement of niacin for young grass carp (255.63 +/- 0.41 g) were estimated to be 39.80 mg/kg diet. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
